Acupuncture is a traditional form of Chinese medicine that has been practiced for thousands of years, with its origins dating back to at least 200 BC, as documented in the ancient Chinese medical text, “The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine.” This comprehensive text describes the theoretical concepts of acupuncture, including the flow of Qi (vital energy) and the meridian system through which Qi flows. These meridians are believed to be channels that connect different parts of the body and serve as pathways for the flow of energy, influencing one’s health. Acupuncture needles are sterile, thin needles painlessly inserted into acupuncture points to promote several health benefits.

From a biomedical standpoint, the explanation for acupuncture’s effects involves several theories:

• One of the primary theories is that acupuncture points are strategic conductors of electromagnetic signals, and that stimulating these points induces the release of endorphins and other neurotransmitters, which are natural pain-relieving chemicals in the body. Acupuncture is also thought to affect the pain signaling pathways in the nervous system and can modulate brain activity, particularly in the limbic system, which is involved in mood and pain regulation.
• The insertion of acupuncture needles is believed to increase local blood circulation, which can reduce muscle tension and improve tissue healing. Enhanced circulation helps to remove metabolic waste and promote the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
• Research suggests that acupuncture can lead to the reduction of pro-inflammatory markers in the body, such as C-reactive protein and cytokines. This anti-inflammatory effect is another pathway through which acupuncture may alleviate pain and swelling.

The recognition of these effects in controlled scientific studies supports the integration of acupuncture into modern medical practices for pain management and treatment of various other conditions.